有時(shí)為了減少開(kāi)關(guān)柜外形尺寸，可以有以下幾種方法：
Sometimes, in order to reduce the overall dimension of the switchgear, the following methods can be used:
1)在空氣間隙中插入一塊非金屬的絕緣隔板，從而縮小對(duì)絕緣距離的要求。但要注意的是空氣凈距離不小于60毫米，相間絕緣隔板應(yīng)設(shè)置在中間位置。該方法的缺點(diǎn)是絕緣隔板受使用環(huán)境影響很大，存在絕緣老化的問(wèn)題。
1) Insert a non-metallic insulating diaphragm into the air gap to reduce the requirements for insulation distance. However, it should be noted that the clear air distance shall not be less than 60mm, and the phase to phase insulating partition shall be set in the middle. The disadvantage of this method is that the insulating diaphragm is greatly affected by the service environment, and there is the problem of insulation aging.
2)使用熱縮套管把高壓帶電導(dǎo)體整個(gè)套起來(lái)，實(shí)踐中要確保絕緣距離不小于100毫米。缺點(diǎn)是熱縮套管同樣存在絕緣老化的問(wèn)題。
2) Use heat shrinkable sleeve to cover the whole high-voltage live conductor. In practice, ensure that the insulation distance is not less than 100mm. The disadvantage is that the heat shrinkable sleeve also has the problem of insulation aging.
綜上所述，在設(shè)計(jì)許可的情況下，盡可能地使用空氣絕緣，滿足上表的要求。
To sum up, air insulation shall be used as much as possible to meet the requirements of the above table when the design permits.
二.爬電距離
II Creepage distance
由于電力系統(tǒng)用戶往往追求高可靠性，實(shí)踐中我們要符合以下條件：
Since power system users often pursue high reliability, in practice, we should meet the following conditions:
高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜中各組件及其支持絕緣件(純瓷及絕緣件)的外絕緣爬電比距(高壓電器組件外絕緣的爬電距離與額定電壓之比)對(duì)于純瓷絕緣為18 mm/k V，對(duì)于絕緣為20 mm/k V。
The external insulation creepage distance (the ratio of the creepage distance of the external insulation of the high-voltage electrical components to the rated voltage) of each component and its supporting insulating parts (pure porcelain and insulating parts) in the high-voltage switchgear is 18 mm / kV for pure porcelain insulation and 20 mm / kV for insulation.
由于這一要求比較高，很多常規(guī)的元器件往往滿足不了要求，這就要求我們告知元器件生產(chǎn)廠家加以定制。元器件生產(chǎn)廠家往往會(huì)采用不增加絕緣子高度而增多的方法。
As this requirement is relatively high, many conventional components often can not meet the requirements, which requires us to inform the component manufacturer to customize. Component manufacturers often adopt the method of increasing without increasing the insulator height.
我們?cè)谶x型時(shí)要注意裙邊的高度與裙距比例不能太懸殊，另外，我們還應(yīng)注意開(kāi)關(guān)柜使用場(chǎng)所的環(huán)境條件，為了防止發(fā)生凝露，我們可以在開(kāi)關(guān)柜中加入帶自動(dòng)控制的加熱器。
When selecting the type, we should pay attention to the ratio of skirt height to skirt distance. In addition, we should also pay attention to the environmental conditions of the place where the switchgear is used. In order to prevent condensation, we can add a heater with automatic control in the switchgear.
三.防護(hù)等級(jí)
III Degree of protection
為了防止人體接近高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜的高壓帶電部分和觸及運(yùn)動(dòng)部分，在設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)關(guān)柜時(shí)，我們應(yīng)考慮要達(dá)到幾級(jí)防護(hù)等級(jí)。
In order to prevent the human body from approaching the high-voltage live part and touching the moving part of the high-voltage switchgear, we should consider how many levels of protection should be achieved when designing the switchgear.
設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)我們要注意隨著防護(hù)等級(jí)的提高，生產(chǎn)成本相應(yīng)提高，散熱條件變差，所以不能追求高的防護(hù)等級(jí)，一般以I P 3 X和I P 4 X為宜。
In the design, we should pay attention to that with the improvement of protection level, the production cost increases accordingly and the heat dissipation conditions become worse. Therefore, we cannot pursue high protection level. Generally, IP3X and IP4X are appropriate.
四.動(dòng)穩(wěn)定
IV Dynamic stability
在電力系統(tǒng)中，高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜通常要能承受2 0 k A，3 2 k A，4 0 k A甚5 0 k A的額定短路開(kāi)斷電流，當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)柜中通過(guò)如此大的電流時(shí)，相間及同相母線之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的電動(dòng)力。這時(shí)，我們需借助支撐絕緣子的支撐，使母線不會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯位移。
In the power system, the high-voltage switchgear usually can withstand the rated short-circuit breaking current of 20 Ka, 32 Ka, 40 Ka or even 50 Ka. When such a large current passes through the switchgear, great electric power will be generated between phases and in-phase buses. At this time, we need the support of the support insulator to prevent the bus from obvious displacement.
五.溫升
V temperature rise
電力系統(tǒng)中開(kāi)關(guān)柜通常要能承受4 0 0 0 A
In the power system, the switch cabinet is usually able to withstand 400 a
及以下的正常工作電流，由于一次元器件通常處于密封的柜內(nèi)運(yùn)行，他們產(chǎn)生的熱量很難散發(fā)到柜外，所以導(dǎo)致柜內(nèi)溫度升高。若溫度超過(guò)以下限定值，便會(huì)燒毀元器件，釀成事故。
And below the normal working current, because the primary components usually operate in a sealed cabinet, the heat generated by them is difficult to be dissipated outside the cabinet, resulting in an increase in the temperature in the cabinet. If the temperature exceeds the following limit values, the components will be burned, resulting in accidents.
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